įollowing the Norman invasion of the 12th century, Annaly was granted to Hugh de Lacy as part of the Liberty of Meath. Furthermore, County Longford was often called Upper Conmaicne, to distinguish it from south Leitrim, then called Lower Conmaicne, because both districts were ruled by the descendants of Conmac, son of Fergus and Queen Meadbh of Connacht. In the year AD 1070, Tethbae was conquered by the Ó Cuinns, Ó Fearghails, and other Conmhaícne tribes, henceforth being known as Muintir Annaly, so named after "Anghaile" the great-grandfather of Fearghail O'Farrell. Tethbae ( Latin: Teffia) originally referred to an area north of the River Inny approximating to present-day County Longford.
Between the fifth and twelfth centuries, the territory was called the kingdom of Tethbae ruled by various tuath such as the Cairpre Gabra in the north. The territory corresponding to County Longford was presumably a frontier colony of the Kingdom of Meath in the first millennium. Notable lakes include Kinale Lough and Lough Gowna on the Cavan border, Lough Forbes on the Roscommon border and of course Lough Ree in the south where Longford, Westmeath and Roscommon meet. The canal was refurbished and reopened in 2010. The Royal Canal flows through the south of the county terminating at Cloondara at the Shannon. The River Shannon marks the county's border with Roscommon while the Rivers Inny and Tang form much of the boundary with Westmeath. The southern parts of the county are low-lying, with extensive areas of raised bogland and the land being of better quality for grazing and tillage. In general, the northern third of the county is hilly, forming part of the drumlin belt and Esker Riada stretching across the northern midlands of Ireland. Only Meath and Westmeath have lower maxima.
In the list of Irish counties by highest point, Longford ranks third lowest. Cairn Hill is the site of a television transmitter broadcasting to much of the Irish midlands. Lakeland, bogland, pastureland, and wetland typify Longford's generally low-lying landscapes: the highest point of the county is in the north-west - Carn Clonhugh (also known as Cairn Hill or Corn Hill) between Drumlish and Ballinalee in the parish of Killoe, at 278 metres (912 ft). The north-eastern part of the county, however, drains towards the River Erne and Lough Gowna. Most of Longford lies in the basin of the River Shannon with Lough Ree forming much of the county's western boundary.
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